Bio-Synthesis offers custom conjugation of liposome by covalently attached peptides, oligonucleotides, antibodies, oligosaccharides or drugs to the surface of liposomes or lipid emulsions. These conjugates are being put to use as macromolecular carriers to encapsulate cosmetic, drugs, fluorescent detection reagents, and as vehicles to transport nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins to cellular site in vivo. Antibodies can be attached to liposomal surfaces and used to create large antigen-specific complexes to target cancer cells in vivo, to enhance detectability in immunoassay systems, and as multivalent cross-bridges in avidin-biotin-based assays.
Relying on a state-of-the art chemical biology facilities and over 30 years of combined experience in providing high quality Lipid-biopolymer complexes, each custom project is meticulously monitored according to Bio-Synthesis's stringent quality assurance and quality control standard that are fully backed up by a bioanalytical laboratory. The end-products of liposome technology are widely used in cosmetic retail markets, fluorescent detection reagents for the diagnosis of disease, as therapeutic agents by transport nucleic acids, peptides, or proteins to cellular site in vivo, as vaccines carrier to elicit protective immunity by conjugate antibody to liposome as large antigen-specific complexes for generation of antibodies.
Application of Lipoconjugates
Bio-Synthesis may use your oligosaccharides for preparation of the conjugates or in some cases it could prepare the whole conjugate, including the oligosaccharide moiety. For the preparation of oligopeptide and oligonucleotide glycoconjugates these compounds are modified during solid phase synthesis to introduce a spacer carrying a functional group that can be used for subsequent cross-linking with the oligosaccharides. Depending on the nature of the oligosaccharide and the peptide or oligonucleotide, the length and hydrophilicity of the spacer would be decided to maximize the interactions of these compounds with their receptors.
Other useful tools in biological studies are those compounds where the oligosaccharide is coupled to a fluorescent label such as fluorescein, rhodamine, Texas red and others, either directly or via a spacer. Fluorescent compounds can be detected by fluorescence microscopy, FACS machine, and spectrofluorometry. Other tagging methods involve the use of colloidal gold and ferritin, both compounds that can be detected by electron microscopy. Oligosaccharides can also be conjugated to different lipids to yield glycolipids that can be incorporated into either micelles or liposomes, with the latter being effective drug carriers.
The same methods used to prepare glycoconjugates of oligosaccharides can be applied to native polysaccharides.
Based on the needs for sensitivity, nature of the molecule recognizing the sugar moiety, Bio-Synthesis can design a method to label these macromolecules without interfering with their interactions with other molecules.
Bio-Synthesis's custom carbohydrate bioconjugation services include experimental design, and development of protocols and procedure for the preparation of conjugates requested by our customers. For the last two decades, we have accumulated a portfolio of modification and conjugation of carbohydrate to peptides, oligonucleotide, and many other small or large molecules.
If you can't find what you want?, contact our Technical Service Center at 800.220.0627 or contact us online with your detailed project specifications. A project manager will be assigned to help you with the design and develop an appropriate synthetic method for your specific needs.
Price
Price varies based on the proejct specifications. Price does not includes cost of small molecule or biopolymer which required to be order through Bio-Synthesis from a commercial vendor. Some of the small molecules or biomolecules are commerically available in an activated form. For non-active molecules, Bio-Synthesis can assist with the design and, if deemed necessary, biopolymer modification to introduce additional functional groups and extra linkers, spacers. Please contact us for a quote.
Discount: 15 % discount price applies to additional conjugates ordered at the same time.
Chemistry
Coupling of preactivated label and biomolecule with chemical reactive groups amine, carboxylates and hydroxyls.
Service Specification: After standard desalting, or purification, a small percent of heterogeneous products containing single or multi-site conjugate per molecule may exist.
Material:
We can attached there fatty acid derivatives to your biomolecules.
Phosphatidyle derivatives
Fatty acid derivative
Sphingolipid derivatives
Procedure: After conjugation, final conjugates must first be isolated from excess or unreacted reagent by gel filtration or dialysis. In many cases, simple dialysis may suffice to remove unreacted reagent from the reaction solution. Finally, concentration and labeling ratio determination (if applicable).
Quality Control:
The custom prepared product is quality controlled by Bio-Synthesis according to our in-house standards. These are tailored for each individual assignment. The custom conjugate is approved only when both sets of quality control criteria have been met.
Reference/Citing:
Visit our literature vaults for more references and citings.
For us to better understand your customized project, please complete our Bioconjugation Service Questionnaire. The more our chemists understand your project needs, the more accurate feedback we will be able to provide you. Providing us with your project details will enable us to recommend the best reagents to use for your own project. The most useful and readily available tools for bioconjugation projects are cross-linking reagents. A large number of cross-linkers, also known as bifunctional reagents, have been developed. There are several ways to classify the cross-linkers, such as the type of reactive group, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and the length of the spacer between reactive groups. Other factors to consider are whether the two reactive groups are the same or different (for example, heterobifunctional or homobifunctional reagents), whether the spacer is cleavable, and whether the reagents are membrane permeable or impermeable. The most accessible and abundant reactive groups in proteins are the ϵ-amino groups of lysine. Therefore, a large number of the most common cross-linkers are amino selective reagents, such as imidoesters, sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, and N-hydroxysuccinimide esters. Due to the high reactivity of the thiol group with N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetate and a-halocarbonyl compounds, new cross-linkers have been developed that contain maleimide and a-carbonyl moieties. Usually, N-alkylmaleimides are more stable than their N-aryl counterparts.
In addition to the reactive groups on the cross-linkers, a wide variety of connectors and spacer arms have also been developed. The nature of the spacer arm, and also the length, play an important role in the functionality. Longer spacer arms are generally more effective when coupling large proteins or those with sterically protected reactive side-chains. Other important considerations are the hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and the conformational flexibility. Long aliphatic chains generally fold on themselves when in an aqueous environment, which makes the actual distance spanned by such linker arms less than expected. Instead, spacers that contain more rigid structures (for example, aromatic groups or cycloalkanes) should be used. These structures, however, tend to be very hydrophobic which could significantly decrease the solubility of the modified molecules or even modify some of their properties. In such cases, it is recommended to choose a spacer that contains an alkylether (PEO) chain. Bio-Synthesis offers several cross-linkers with PEO chains, such as thiol-binding homobifunctional reagents, heterobifunctional based, and their derivatives.
Once the project scope has collected, we will provide an appropriate quotation within 3-5 days. Orders can be placed with either a PO (Purchase Order) or credit card. We accept POs and major credit cards ( ). Your credit card will be billed under 'Bio-Synthesis, Inc.' Click here to download our credit reference form. For international orders, we must apply the full charge at the time of the order is placed. In the unlikely event that any given order cannot be filled, our guarantee will take the form of a full refund.