Bio-Synthesis offers multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) as an another method for raising antibodies using synthetic peptides. Peptides are attached through C-terminal to a small non-immunogenic polylysine 4 or 8 branching core. Synthetic peptides build upon these core result in three dimensional molecules with highly localized peptide density, allowing resulting molecular sizes to reach 13-17 kD. MAP system is suitable for direct antibody production without the need to couple to a carrier protein. These high molar ratio and dense packing of multiple copies of the antigenic epitope in a MAP has been shown to produce strong immunogenic response 1-4.
Although MAPs are capable of producing a strong antigenic response to the peptide, there are some drawbacks. Steric hindrance can be an increasing problem with extension of the peptide chain although this can be minimized by having a low loading on the resin. Purification of MAPs by reversed phase HPLC is not normally possible and characterization by mass spectrometry is difficult. Therefore MAPs are usually just dialyzed and the crude product used directly for immunization. Because of these factors, we recommend the conjugation method using a well defined peptide as antigen as the preferred initial option
Characteristics
- High molar ratio of peptide antigen to core molecule
- Defined chemical structures
- Choice of 4-branch, 8 branch, and others
- Choice of mono-epitope or di-epitope
MAP Benefits
- Does not require the use of a carrier protein to elicit antibody response
- Increased coating efficiency on solid surface
- Enhanced detection sensitivity for solid phase Immunoassay
- Valuable for studies of immunology and vaccine studies
Guidelines
- Average peptide length: 10-15 residues
- Favored in N-terminal or internal peptide response
- Not favored in C-terminal peptide response
- Cysteines can cause low yield
- Not amenable for further purification.
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Reference/Citing:
1.
Tam JP, Spetzler JC: Multiple Antigen Peptide System. Methods Enzymol. 1997, 289:612-636.
2.
Tam JP, Zavala F: Multiple antigen peptide: a novel approach to increase detection sensitivity of synthetic peptides in solid-phase immunoassays. J. Immunol. Methods 1989, 124:53-61.
3.
Briand JP, Barin C, Van Regenmortel MH, Muller S: Application and limitations of the multiple antigen peptide (MAP) system in the production and evaluation of anti-peptide and anti-protein antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods 1992, 156:255-265.
4.
Schott ME, Wells DT, Schlom J, Abrams SI: Comparison of linear and branched peptide forms (MAPS) in the induction of T helper responses to point-mutated ras immunogens. Cell Immunol. 1996, 174:199-209.