Bio-Synthesis offers Cis-syn thymidine dimer oligonucleotide modifications at various scales and purities. Cis-syn thymindine, a cis-syn cylobutane dimer of two thymine bases, can be introduced to an oligonucleotide for the study of DNA damage and repair.
One of the major causes of DNA damage in all organisms is the UV component of sunlight. The predominant reaction induced by UV light on DNA is dimerization of adjacent pyrimidine bases leading to cyclobutane dimers (CPDs). The dimers formed in the most significant quantity are the cis-syn cyclobutane dimer of two thymine bases. Although formed routinely, these dimer products are efficiently excised and repaired enzymatically (nucleotide excision repair) or the dimerization is reversed by photolase enzymes. These lesions have been connected to the formation of squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, humans who lack the ability to repair CPD lesions with high efficiency may be genetically predisposed to Xeroderma Pigmentosa (XP), a disease characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight and high frequency of skin cancer. Polymerases encountering unrepaired CPD lesions are quite error-prone, leading to incorrect base insertions and subsequent mutations.
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Cis-Syn Thymine dimer [Cis TT]