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Large scale oligonucleotide synthesis

 
 
   
Large scale oligonucleotide synthesis
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  Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Oligonucleotide Synthesis
 

It is the non-biological, chemical synthesis of defined short sequences of nucleic acids. It is extremely useful in laboratory procedures covering a wide range of molecular biology applications. Automated synthesizers allow the synthesis of oligonucleotides up to 160 to 200 bases.

 
  Synthesis Substrates
Synthesis Substrates
 
Oligonucleotides are chemically synthesized using phosphoramidites. A phosphoramidite is a normal nucleotide with protection groups added to its reactive amine, hydroxyl and phosphate groups. These protection groups prevent unwanted side reactions and force the formation of the desired product during synthesis.
 
  Sequential Synthesis
Sequential Synthesis
 
Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA in a 5' to 3' direction, chemical DNA synthesis is done backwards in a 3' to 5' reaction. Based on the desired nucleotide sequence of the product, the phosphoramidites for the bases A, C, G, and T are added sequentially to react with the growing chain in a repeating cycle until the sequence is complete.
 
 
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