PNA oligomers make excellent probes and offer distinct advantages over conventional nucleic acids. PNA probes are very small (12 ñ 20 mers), show both strong signals and very low background. PNA-FISH is an example of powerful technology been used to explore chromosome structure on the metaphase and interphase chromosome. Depending on your application, the labeling can be done on the C-, internal or N-terminus. Since the labeled probe can decrease the solubility of the oligomer, especially with purine-rich sequences, An extended arm or spacer such as 6-aminohexanoic acid (LC) can be used to increase the distance between the labeling group .

N-terminus labeling
Although direct labeling at N-terminus is usually possible, the use of appropriate spacer such as O-linker is recommended to avoid the effect by a reporter in hybridization.

Internal labeling
Internal labeling can be achieved through lysine side chain with acid-resistant reporter groups such as biotin, fluorescein and rhodamin.

C-terminus Labeling
Lysine or cysteine residue at c-terminus is been used for reporter dye conjugation.

Dual labeled probe
Contact us for details on dual labeled PNA probes.