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Do the peptides need to be conjugated to a carrier protein and if so what carrier is best? My concern here is steric hindrance if peptides themselves are conjugated to the beads. The aforementioned paper suggested that BSA was better than KLH, as KLH caused higher non-specific reactivity.

Do the peptides need to be conjugated to a carrier protein and if so what carrier is best? My concern here is steric hindrance if peptides themselves are conjugated to the luminex beads. The aforementioned paper suggested that BSA was better than KLH, as KLH caused higher non-specific reactivity.

It is not necessary to use carrier protein. BSA and OVA are good carrier proteins use for assay development. They can also consider to add a PEG spacer to the N-terminus of peptides with terminal amine group for conjugation to the beads, this method also works very well.