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Antimicrobial and Related Peptides

 

Definition

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are as widespread as bacterial inactivator molecules in the innate immune systems of insects, fungi, plants, and mammals. These peptides are also known as host defense peptides (HDPs) as they have other immuno-modulatory functions besides the direct antimicrobial actions and are even capable of killing cancerous cells 1,2.

 

Classification

Three broad categories of HDPs have been identified: 1) the linear peptides with helical structures, 2) the cysteine stabilized peptides with beta-sheet, and 3) a group of linear peptides rich in proline and arginine that primarily have been identified in non-mammalian species.

 

Structural characteristics

In mammals, cathelicidins and defensins are the two principal AMP families. Cathelicidins are peptides with a conserved proregion and a variable C-terminal antimicrobial domain. Defensins are the best-characterized AMPs, they have six invariant cysteines, forming three intramolecular cystine-disulfide bonds.

 

Mode of action

The mode of action of AMPs elucidated to date include inhibition of cell wall formation, formation of pores in the cell membrane resulting in the disruption of membrane potential with eventual lysis of the cell. These peptides also inhibit nuclease activity of both RNase and DNase.

 

Functions

They have a broad ability to kill microbes. AMPs form an important means of host defense in eukaryotes. Large AMPs (>100 amino acids), are often lytic, nutrient-binding proteins or specifically target microbial macromolecules. Small AMPs act by disrupting the structure of microbial cell membranes. It plays an active role in wound repair and regulation of the adaptive immune system. They have multiple roles as mediators of inflammation with impact on epithelial and inflammatory cells, influencing diverse processes such as cell proliferation, wound healing, cytokine release, chemotaxis and  immune induction 3.

 

 

References

 

1.     Gottlieb CT, Thomsen LE, Ingmer H, Mygind PH, Kristensen HH, Gram L(2008). Antimicrobial peptides effectively kill a broad spectrum of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus strains independently of origin, sub-type, or virulence factor expression. BMC Microbiol., 8:205.

2.     Yeaman MR and Yount NY (2003). Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptide Action and Resistance.  Pharmocological Reviews, 55(1).

3.     Hanna Galkowska H and Olszewski WL (2003). Antimicrobial peptides – their role in immunity and therapeutic potential. Centr Eur J Immunol., 28 (3):138–141.

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Product Name Catalog # Unit Price/Unit 
5 - FAM - LC - LL - 37
5-FAM-LC-LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
13998-001 0.1 mg $431 cart inquire
Alloferon 1
HGVSGHGQHGVHG
14000-01 1mg $620 cart inquire
Alloferon 2
GVSGHGQHGVHG
14001-01 1mg $620 cart inquire
Andropin
VFIDILDKVENAIHNAAQVGIGFAKPFEKLINPK
10388-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
Antimicrobial Anionic Peptide, Surfactant-associate
GADDDDD
10376-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
Antimicrobial Anionic Peptide, Surfactant, ovine
DDDDDDD
10377-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
Apidaecin IA
GNNRPVYIPQPRPPHPRI
10387-01 1 mg $810 cart inquire
Apidaecin IB
GNNRPVYIPQPRPPHPRL
10386-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Aurein 1.1
GLFDIIKKIAESI-CONH2
10385-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
Bac2A; Bactenecin 2A
RLARIVVIRVAR-CONH2
14002-01 1mg $405 cart inquire
Biotin - LC - LL - 37
Biotin-LC-LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
14003-005 0.5 mg $966 cart inquire
Bombinin - like Peptide (BLP - 1)
GIGASILSAGKSALKGLAKGLAEHFAN-CONH2
10357-01 1 mg $1,098 cart inquire
Brevinin - 1
FLPVLAGIAAKVVPALFCKITKKC (Disulfide bridge: 18-24)
10358-01 1 mg $1,587 cart inquire
CAP-18, rabbit
GLRKRLRKFRNKIKEKLKKIGQKIQGLLPKLAPRTDY
10362-01 1 mg $1,148 cart inquire
CAP - 18, rabbit
GLRKRLRKFRNKIKEKLKKIGQKIQGLLPKLAPRTDY
10362-005 0.5 mg $764 cart inquire
Carnobacteriocin B2
VNYGNGVSCSKTKCSVNWGQAFQERYTAGINSFVSGVASGAGSIGRRP no bond
10381-005 0.5 mg $1,688 cart inquire
Cecropin A
KWKLFKKIEKVGQNIRDGIIKAGPAVAVVGQATQIAK-CONH2
10348-01 1 mg $966 cart inquire
Cecropin A (10348-005)
KWKLFKKIEKVGQNIRDGIIKAGPAVAVVGQATQIAK - NH2
10348-005 0.5 mg $579 cart inquire
Cecropin B
KWKVFKKIEKMGRNIRNGIVKAGPAIAVLGEAKAL-CONH2
10349-01 1 mg $1,317 cart inquire
Cecropin B (10349-005)
KWKVFKKIEKMGRNIRNGIVKAGPAIAVLGEAKAL - NH2
10349-005 0.5 mg $579 cart inquire
Dermcidin, DCD - 1L
SSLLEKGLDGAKKAVGGLGKLGKDAVEDLESVGKGAVHDVKDVLDSVL
14264-001 0.1 mg $467 cart inquire
[Des Ala20, Gln34] Dermaseptin
ALWKTMLKKGTMALHAGK
10379-01 1 mg $810 cart inquire
Drosocin
GKPRPYSPRPTSHPRPIRV
10396-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Elafin
AQEPVKGPVSTKPGSCPIILIRCAMLNPPNRCLKDTDCPGIKKCCEGSCGMACFVPQ (Disufide bonds between Cys16 - Cys45, Cys23 - Cys49, Cys32 - Cys44, Cys38 - Cys53)
14265-001 0.1 mg $783 cart inquire
GLU Construct
TGAQTIKGQKLYFKANGQQVKG
10391-01 1 mg $1,013 cart inquire
Glucosyltransferase I (442-462), Streptococcus mut
DANFDSIRVDAVDNVDADLLQ
10390-01 1 mg $1,013 cart inquire
HEL (46-61)
NTDGSTDYGILQINSR
10351-01 1 mg $912 cart inquire
Helicobacter pylori, Hp (2 - 20)
AKKVFKRLEKLFSKIQNDK
13997-01 1mg $728 cart inquire
Histatin - 3 (H3)
DSHAKRHHGYKRKFHEKHHSHRGYRSNYLYDN
10370-01 1 mg $1,350 cart inquire
Histatin - 5
DSHAKRHHGYKRKFHEKHHSHRGY
10355-01 1 mg $635 cart inquire
Histatin - 8 [Hemagglutination] - Inhibiting Peptide
KFHEKHHSHRGY
10356-01 1 mg $777 cart inquire
Human Lactotransferrin (37 - 61), Lactoferricin H
TKCFQWQRNMRKVR - G - PPVSCIKRDS (Disulfide between Cys3 and Cys20)
14266-01 1 mg $764 cart inquire
Human Platelet Factor IV 18, C18G
ALYKKLLKKLLKSAKKLG
14267-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Indolicidin
ILPWKWPWWPWRR-CONH2
10353-01 1 mg $467 cart inquire
Innate Defense Regulator-1 (IDR-1)
KSRIVPAIPVSLL
10394-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
Lactoferricin B Lactoferrin (17 - 41)
FKCRRWQWRMKKLGAPSITCVRRAF (S - S BOND)
14268-01 1 mg $653 cart inquire
LEAP-1, Hepcidin, human
DTHFPICIFCCGCCHRSKCGMCCKT (Disulfide bridges: 7-23, 10-13, 11-19, 14-22)
10371-001 0.1 mg $710 cart inquire
LEAP - 2 (38 - 77) (Human)
MTPFWRGVSLRPIGASCRDDSECITRLCRKRRCSLSVAQE
10374-01 1 mg $1,520 cart inquire
LL17 - 29
FKRIVQRIKDFLR
14271-01 1 mg $491 cart inquire
LL17 - 32
FKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV
14272-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
LL-37, Antimicrobial Peptide, human
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
10359-01 1 mg $588 cart inquire
LL - 37 fragment (18 - 37), LL - 18 - 37
KRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
14269-01 1 mg $392 cart inquire
LL-37 pentamide
LLGNFFRKSKQKIGKQFKRIVQRIKNFFRNLVPRTQS
10364-01 1 mg $1,148 cart inquire
LL-37, reverse sequence
SETRPVLNRLFDKIRQVIRKFEKGIKEKSKRFFDGLL
10392-005 0.5 mg $467 cart inquire
LL - 37, scrambled
GLKLRFEFSKIKGEFLKTPEVRFRDIKLKDNRISVQR
14270-01 1 mg $1,007 cart inquire
Lytic Peptide, SB - 37
MPKWKVFKKIEKVGRNIRNGIVKAGPAIAVLGEAKALG
10354-01 1 mg $1,182 cart inquire
Lytic Peptide, Shiva - 1
MPRLFRRIDRVGKQGILRAGPAIALVGDARAVG
10352-01 1 mg $1,013 cart inquire
Magainin 1
GIGKFLHSAGKFGKAFVGEIMKS
10347-01 1 mg $467 cart inquire
Magainin 1 (10347-005)
GIGKFLHSAGKFGKAFVGEIMKS
10347-005 0.5 mg $405 cart inquire
Magainin 2
GIGKFLHSAKKFGKAFVGEIMNS
10346-01 1 mg $467 cart inquire
Magainin 2-10346-005
GIGKFLHSAKKFGKAFVGEIMNS
10346-005 0.5 mg $405 cart inquire
mCRAMP, mouse
GLLRKGGEKIGEKLKKIGQKIKNFFQKLVPQPEQ
10360-01 1 mg $912 cart inquire
Melittin, honey bee
NH2-GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-CONH2
10393-01 1 mg $594 cart inquire
Metalnikowin IIA
VDKPDYRPRPWPRPN
10398-01 1 mg $761 cart inquire
Mundticin
KYYGNGVSCNKKGCSVDWGKAIGIIGNNSAANLATGGAAGWSK (Disulfide bridge: 9-14)
10384-005 0.5 mg $1,688 cart inquire
Mundticin KS
KYYGNGVSCNKKGCSVDWGKAIGIIGNNSAANLATGGAAGWKS (Disulfide bridge: 9-14)
10383-005 0.5 mg $1,688 cart inquire
OV-1, Sheep
KNLRRIIRKIIHIIKKYG
10365-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
OV-2, Sheep
LRRIIRKIIHIIKK-CONH2
10366-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
OV-3, sheep
IRRIIRKIIHIIKK-CONH2
10367-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
Piscicolin 126
KYYGNGVSCNKNGCTVDWSKAIGIIGNNAAANLTTGGAAGWNKG (Disulfide bridge: 9-14)
10382-005 0.5 mg $1,587 cart inquire
Plasmodium yoelii Circumsporozoite Protein, PyCSP (280-288)
SYVPSAEQI
10389-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
Protegrine - 1 (PG - 1), amide
RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR - NH2 (disulfide bridge:6 - 15 and 8 - 13)
14273-01 1 mg $1,841 cart inquire
Protegrine - 1 (PG - 1), amide-14273-005
RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR - NH2 (disulfide bridge:6 - 15 and 8 - 13)
14273-005 0.5 mg $1,040 cart inquire
Pyrrhocoricin  N
VDKGSYLPRPTPPRPIYNRN
10397-01 1 mg $392 cart inquire
rCRAMP
GLVRKGGEKFGEKLRKIGQKIKEFFQKLALEIEQ
10361-01 1 mg $1,148 cart inquire
rCRAMP - 10361-005
GLVRKGGEKFGEKLRKIGQKIKEFFQKLALEIEQ
10361-005 0.5 mg $764 cart inquire
RL-37
RLGNFFRKVKEKIGGGLKKVGQKIKDFLGNLVPRTAS
10368-005 0.5 mg $912 cart inquire
Serorphin, BSA (399-404)
YGFQNA
10399-01 1 mg $675 cart inquire
SMAP 29, Sheep Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptide 29
RGLRRLGRKIAHGVKKYGPTVLRIIRIAG
10363-01 1 mg $764 cart inquire
SP2
GFRLTNFGYFEPGK
10369-01 1 mg $743 cart inquire
(T1BT*) - linear
DPNANPNVDPNANPNVNANPNANPNANPEYLNKIQNSLSTEWSPCSVT
13996-01 1mg $1,229 cart inquire
Temporin A, amide
FLPLIGRVLSGIL - NH2
14274-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Temporin L amide
FVQWFSKFLGRIL - NH2
14275-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Tetradecapeptide Renin Substrate, Angiotensinogen (1 - 14), rat
DRVYIHPFHLLYYS
14283-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Theromacin (49 - 63)
QRLPNNKQCRCINAR (C57-C59 disulfide bridge)
10372-01 1 mg $912 cart inquire
Ubiquitin (65-76), (Ub2)
STLHLVLRLRGG
10395-01 1 mg $761 cart inquire

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