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Photo-Regulation & Photocleavable Oligonucleotides

Light-controlled oligonucleotides for hybridization control, photocleavage, uncaging, photorelease, MERFISH signal reset, reversible photoswitching and UV photo-crosslinking.

Photocleavable Photocaged Photoswitch Photo-Crosslinking MERFISH / ISH RUO → GLP

Light-Controlled Oligos for Release, Activation, Reset and Photo-Locking

Photoregulation is the ability of an oligonucleotide system to respond to light. Bio-Synthesis provides custom photocleavable oligonucleotides, photocaged nucleotides such as NPOM-dT and DEACM-dG, azobenzene photoswitch constructs, and CNVK photo-crosslinkers for light-controlled hybridization, release, crosslinking and imaging workflows.

These chemistries are used when an oligo must stay inactive until illuminated, release a captured target from a surface, reset signal for MERFISH/smFISH, switch duplex stability reversibly, or lock a duplex through UV-induced crosslinking. Bio-Synthesis supports application-led design, sequence optimization, spacer geometry, label strategy, HPLC/PAGE purification, LC-MS options, documentation and RUO → GLP scale-up.

FORMATS

Tubes • Plates • Kitting

λ
Wavelength

365 • 405 • 450 nm

QC
QC

UPLC/HPLC • LC-MS • Binding

Supply

RUO → GLP

Workflow — Uncage / Release → Image / Collect → Reset / Rerun

The live-site workflow is preserved, but rebuilt as an animated process rail for faster scanning.

Light-Gated Oligo Workflow

Light enables activation or release, followed by imaging or collection, then signal reset for the next round.

1

Uncage / Release

Light removes a cage or cleaves a linker to activate function or release a payload.

NPOM-dT DEACM-dG PC-Linker PC-Biotin PC-AmC6
2

Image / Collect

Image, collect, or analyze the activated system.

MERFISH smFISH Capture-release Protect dyes
3

Reset / Rerun

Reset the system for another imaging or assay cycle.

Signal reset Strip & rerun Multi-round imaging Surface release

Need release?

Choose PC-linker, PC-biotin, PC-amino C6 or PC-spacer.

Need activation?

Choose NPOM-dT or DEACM-dG caged bases.

Need switching?

Use azobenzene for reversible affinity control.

Need locking?

Use CNVK for fast UV-induced duplex crosslinking.

Choose the Light-Control Strategy by Application

Most users start with the workflow question, not the chemistry. Use this guide to choose the right class before reviewing the product table.

Rel

I need photorelease

Use photocleavable linkers such as PC-Linker, PC-Spacer C3, PC-Biotin or PC-Amino C6.

Act

I need timed activation

Use caged nucleotides such as NPOM-dT or DEACM-dG to block pairing until light exposure.

Sw

I need reversible control

Use azobenzene to toggle duplex stability with light without permanently cleaving or crosslinking.

Lock

I need photo-locking

Use CNVK for UV-induced interstrand crosslinking to trap duplexes or capture interactions.

MER

I need imaging reset

Use photocleavable readouts for MERFISH/smFISH strip-and-rerun or signal-reset workflows.

Cap

I need capture-release

Use PC-Biotin or a photolabile handle for streptavidin/surface capture followed by gentle photorelease.

siR

I need light-regulated RNAi

Use caged nucleobases or caged siRNA designs where gene silencing must be activated by light.

Dose

I need sample-safe exposure

Choose 405-friendly DEACM or tune dose, power density and exposure to protect dyes, tissue and cells.

Photo-Regulated & Photocleavable Oligo Products

This preserves the live-site product table and reorganizes each chemistry by function, application and code.

Product Formats We Support

Choose by function: photorelease, uncaging/activation, reversible photoswitching or irreversible photo-crosslinking.

Representative photo-regulated and photocleavable oligonucleotide chemistries.

Product Description Function Application Code
CNVK Photo Cross Linker 3-Cyanovinylcarbazole base analog enabling fast UV-induced inter-strand crosslinking to a complementary pyrimidine. Photo-crosslinking Duplex photo-locking, interaction capture [cnvK]
PC Amino C6 Photolabile amino handle on a C6 spacer; capture by chemistry then light-triggered release to regenerate a free amine. Photocleavage / Release Surface release, conjugation workflows [PCAmC6]
PC Biotin Biotin tag attached through a photolabile linker for streptavidin capture and on-demand photorelease. Photocleavage / Capture-release Affinity capture, target release [PCBio]
PC Linker General-purpose photolabile linker for light-gated bond scission between an oligo and payload, surface or partner. Photocleavage Payload release, surface release [PCL]
PC Spacer C3 Short photolabile spacer that introduces separation while permitting UV-induced release. Photocleavage / Spacer MERFISH reset, elution workflows [PC-Sp-C3]
Azobenzene Reversible trans↔cis photoswitch embedded in the strand; toggles duplex stability with light. Photoswitch / Affinity control Photoregulated hybridization Custom
DEACM Cage-dG Coumarin-caged deoxyguanosine; base pairing is blocked until visible/near-UV irradiation uncages the base. Uncaging / Activation 405-friendly activation, timed hybridization [DEACM-dG]
NPOM Caged-dT NPOM-protected deoxythymidine; light removes the cage to restore hybridization competence. Uncaging / Activation Timed activation, caged oligos [NPOM-dT]

Wavelengths, Dose & Instrument Fit

Light-controlled oligo performance depends on wavelength, power density, exposure time, sample sensitivity and the optical setup.

Photogroup Exposure Guide

Use these values as design planning ranges; final dose should be validated in the actual instrument and sample type.

Wavelength and exposure planning guide for photo-regulated oligonucleotides.

Photogroup Recommended λ (nm) Typical Power Density Notes
NPOM-dT 350–370; best near 365 3–15 mW·cm⁻² Fast uncaging; monitor UV dose on dyes, tissue and cells.
DEACM-dG 400–420; 405 friendly 5–30 mW·cm⁻² Gentler on samples; compatible with 405 nm lasers/LEDs.
Azobenzene 365–405 trans→cis; 440–460 cis→trans 1–10 mW·cm⁻² Reversible photoswitch; thermal back-switch possible.
CNVK Near 365 3–15 mW·cm⁻² Rapid photo-lock; avoid overexposure to reduce off-target effects.
PC Linkers / PC Biotin Commonly UV-A, often near 365 Application dependent Validate release efficiency and compatibility with fluorophores and surfaces.

Design note: Always balance photolysis efficiency with sample safety. Dyes, tissue, cells and hydrogel/surface systems may require lower dose, 405-friendly cages or staged validation.

Applications for Photo-Regulated Oligonucleotides

Photoregulated oligos are used when activation, release, reset, switching or crosslinking must happen at a defined time and place.

MER

MERFISH / smFISH Reset

Photocleavable readouts for strip-and-rerun imaging and multi-round spatial transcriptomics.

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Cap

Capture & Photorelease

PC-biotin and photolabile handles for affinity capture followed by gentle on-demand release.

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Cage

Caged Oligonucleotides

NPOM and DEACM caged bases for time-resolved activation and controlled hybridization.

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Azo

Photoswitchable Oligos

Azobenzene and related chemistries for reversible light-controlled duplex stability.

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CNVK

Photo-Crosslinking

CNVK and light-triggered crosslinkers for duplex trapping and interaction capture.

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Clr

Cleavable Probe Workflows

Light-cleavable probe systems for imaging, reset, release and controlled signal removal.

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RNAi

Light-Regulated RNAi

Caged siRNA and light-activated RNA interference research designs.

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Conj

Custom Bioconjugation

Photolabile linkers combined with dyes, biotin, surfaces, peptides, proteins or payloads.

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FAQ

What is photoregulation in oligonucleotide design?
Photoregulation means the oligonucleotide system changes behavior after light exposure, such as uncaging a base, cleaving a linker, switching duplex stability or locking a duplex through photo-crosslinking.
What is the difference between photocleavable and photocaged oligos?
Photocleavable linkers split a bond to release the oligo, payload or surface-bound partner. Photocaged bases block pairing or activity until light removes the cage and restores function.
When should I use azobenzene instead of CNVK?
Use azobenzene when reversible duplex control is needed. Use CNVK when irreversible UV-induced crosslinking is needed to lock a duplex or capture an interaction.
Can these be used for MERFISH strip-and-rerun imaging?
Yes. Photocleavable linkers and caged readouts can support multi-round imaging by enabling signal reset or on-demand release with minimal chemical perturbation.
Which chemistry is best for 405 nm systems?
 DEACM-caged bases are more 405-friendly than NPOM and can be useful when the instrument relies on 405 nm lasers or LEDs.
What information should I provide for a quote?
 Provide the sequence, application, desired light response, photogroup, wavelength/instrument, labels, spacers, purification level, scale and QC requirements.

Information Helpful for Photo-Regulated Oligo Design

Applicatione
MERFISH, release, uncaging, switch, crosslink
Photogroup
PC, NPOM, DEACM, Azo, CNVK
Wavelength
365, 405, 450 nm or instrument details
Labels
Dye, biotin, surface or payload
QC
HPLC/PAGE, LC-MS, documentation

Need help matching light chemistry to your workflow?

Share your sequence, workflow goal, photogroup preference, instrument wavelength, sample type, readout label, spacer requirements, purification target and QC needs. Bio-Synthesis can recommend a compatible photocleavable, photocaged, photoswitch or photo-crosslinking design.

Related Product

Related light-controlled, cleavable and imaging probe services.

Fast Quote Checklist

Include sequence, photogroup, wavelength, application, labels and QC.

Sequence Photogroup λ Label QC

Recommended Reading & Literature References

Selected references covering photocaged oligonucleotides, light-controlled RNAi, photocaged morpholinos, photocleavable linkers and optochemical control. These citations provide scientific background and design context.

  1. Mikat V, Heckel A. Light-dependent RNA interference with nucleobase-caged siRNAs. Nucleic Acids Research. 2007.
  2. Govan JM, Lively MO, Deiters A. Optochemical control of RNA interference in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Research. 2013.
  3. Shah S, Rangarajan S, Friedman SH. Light-activated RNA interference using double-stranded RNA. Nucleic Acids Research. 2009.
  4. Deiters A. Photocaged Morpholino Oligomers for the Light-Regulation of Gene Function. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2010.
  5. Hemphill J, Deiters A. Site-Specific Promoter Caging Enables Optochemical Gene Activation. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2014.
  6. Ankenbruck N, et al. Optochemical Control of Biological Processes in Cells and Animals. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2018.
  7. Bollu A, et al. 2′-caged-tethered siRNA shows light-dependent RNAi. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 2021.

Note: Photoregulated oligo design should be evaluated around wavelength, sample sensitivity, exposure time, photogroup placement, label compatibility, purification and application-specific validation.

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