Thiol Modifications
                    
                        Thiol (SH) group can be linked to the 5' or 3' terminus of an oligonucleotide. This
                    modification is used for oligo activation prior to linking to various types of molecules
                    or support. The thiol groups can be used to attach a variety of products to the
                    oligonucleotide. Common thiol-reactive groups include maleimides, halogens, iodoacetamides
                    and pyridyldisulfides. This DNA modification is commonly used for the attachment
                    of enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase.
                    
                 
                
                    
                    Purification
                    
                        Desalt or cartridge (RP1) purification is acceptable for most common phosphoramidite
                    modifiers. However, additional purification is strongly recommended for modifiers
                    that require NHS-ester chemistry to conjugate a dye through an amine linker such
                    as Molecular Probes dyes.
                    
                    Minimum Guarantee Purified Yield
                    
                        Due to the chemistry of many modifications, yield will be approximately 40 - 60
                    % less than a standard oligo. Please see our yield chart for details.
                    
                    Quality Controls
                    
                        Every oligo synthesized is strictly controlled for quality by using either MALDI-TOF
                    mass spectrometry or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. Final yields
                    are determined using UV absorbance at OD260 In addition, we perform QC
                    methods tailored to specific modifications, such as OD ratio measurement where appropriate.
                    
                    
                        For additional information, please Contact us.