800.227.0627

Definition

Cell permeable peptides (CPPs) are carriers with small peptide domains that can freely cross cell membranes.  They are mainly used as carriers of proteins and nucleic acids into the cell1.

Discovery

The first CPP was discovered independently by two laboratories in 1988 when it was found that the trans-activating transcriptional activator (Tat) from Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) could be efficiently taken up from the surrounding media by numerous cell types in culture2. 

Structural Characteristics

CPPs typically have an amino acid composition containing either a high relative abundance of positively charged, cationic amino acids such as lysine or arginine, or have sequences that contain an alternating pattern of polar/charged amino acids and non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids3.  Some examples include: TAT peptide-YGRKKRRQRRR, lipid membrane translocating peptide-KKAAAVLLPVLLAAP and Antennapedia leader peptide-KKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG.

Classification

Numerous CPPs have been identified to date and they belong to a wide variety of protein families. For example, some CPPs are amphipathic protein family members3.

Mode of action

CPPs enter the cell with their carrier by either of three mechanisms:  Direct delivery that involves energy independent entry of the CPPs in to the cell4, endocytosis where the cells take up the CPPs by imbibing them with their cell membranes5 and translocation through the formation of transient structures which is yet to be understood6. 

Functions

CPPs have found numerous applications in medicine as drug delivery agents in the treatment of different diseases including cancer, virus inhibitors, contrast agents for cell labeling a classical example is Green Fluorescent protein GFP, as MRI contrast agents, quantum dots7.  TAT is very effective in delivering drugs in vitro and in vivo and so far a peptide that matches its efficiency has not been found7.

References

1.     Wagstaff KM and David JA (2006). Protein Transduction: Cell Penetrating Peptides and Their Therapeutic Applications, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (12), 1371-1387.

2.     Feng S and Holland EC (1988). HIV-1 Tat trans-activation requires the loop sequence within Tar. Nature 334, 165167.

3.     Stewart KM, Horton KL, Kelley SO (2008). Cell-penetrating peptides as delivery vehicles for biology and medicine, Org Biomol Chem., 6(13), 2242-55.

4.     Luo D, Saltzman WM (2000). Synthetic DNA delivery systems. Nat. Biotechnol, 18, 33-37.

5.     Lundberg M., Wikstrom S and Johansson M (2003). Cell surface adherence and endocytosis of protein transduction domains, Mol. Ther., 8, 143–150.

6.     Deshayes S, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Morris MC, Aldrian-Herrada G, Charnet P, Divita G (2004). On the mechanism of non-endosomial peptide-mediated cellular delivery of nucleic acids, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1667, 141–147.

7.     Temsamani J and Vida P (2004). The use of cell-penetrating peptides for drug delivery, Drug Discovery Today, 9 (23), 1012-1019.

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Product Name Catalog # Unit Price/Unit 
Aminopeptidase N Ligand (CD13) NGR peptide
CNGRCG (Disulfide bridge: 1-5)
10857-01 1 mg $1,619 cart inquire
Antennapedia Leader Peptide (CT)
KKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG
10889-01 1 mg $795 cart inquire
Antennapedia Peptide acid
RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK
10866-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Antennapedia Peptide, amide
RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK-CONH2
10867-01 1 mg $777 cart inquire
Antennapedia Peptide FAM - labeled
5 - FAM - RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK - NH2
14364-01 1 mg $801 cart inquire
Anti - BetaGamma (MPS - Phosducin - like protein C
AAVALLPAVLLALLAVTDQLGEDFFAVDLEAFLQEFGLLPEKE
10852-01 1 mg $1,452 cart inquire
Anti - BetaGamma (MPS - Phosducin - like protein C - 10852-005
AAVALLPAVLLALLAVTDQLGEDFFAVDLEAFLQEFGLLPEKE
10852-005 0.5 mg $801 cart inquire
(Arg)944
10869-01 1 mg $675 cart inquire
(Arg)9 FAM - labeled
FAM-RRRRRRRRR
10872-01 N/A $801 cart inquire
(Arg)9 TAMRA - labeled
TAMRA-RRRRRRRRR
10873-01 1 mg $876 cart inquire
Biotin - TAT (47 - 57)
Biotin-YGRKKRRQRRR
10874-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
Buforin
TRSSRAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK
10886-01 1 mg $579 cart inquire
C105Y, Cell Penetrating Peptide, hα1 - antitrypsin (358-374)
CSIPPEVKFNKPFVYLI
10891-01 1 mg $795 cart inquire
Cys(Npys) Antennapedia Peptide, amide
C(Npys)RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK-CONH2
10868-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
Cys(Npys) - (D - Arg)9
C(Npys)rrrrrrrrr-CONH2
10871-01 1 mg $966 cart inquire
Cys(Npys)-HIV-TAT (47 - 57), amide
C(Npys)YGRKKRRQRRR-CONH2
10877-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
Cys(Npys)-HIV- TAT (47 - 57) amide
C(Npys)YGRKKRRQRRR-CONH2
10879-01 5 mg $2,195 cart inquire
Cys(Npys) - TAT (47 - 57), FAM - labeled
C(Npys)YGRKKRRQRRRK(FAM)-CONH2
10878-01 1 mg $1,317 cart inquire
FITC - LC - Antennapedia Peptide
FITC-LC-RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK-CONH2
10851-01 1 mg $801 cart inquire
FITC - LC - Antennapedia Peptide-10851-005
FITC-LC-RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK-CONH2
10851-005 0.5 mg $504 cart inquire
FITC - LC - MTS
FITC-LC-AAVLLPVLLAAP-CONH2
10855-01 1 mg $1,722 cart inquire
FITC - LC - TAT (47 - 57)
FITC-LC-YGRKKRRQRRR-CONH2
10854-01 1 mg $1,182 cart inquire
HIV-TAT (47 - 57), FAM - labeled
FAM-YGRKKRRQRRR
10875-01 1 mg $1,080 cart inquire
Lipid Membrane Translocating Peptide, D-isomer  NE
kkaaavllpvllaap
10903-01 1 mg $912 cart inquire
Mastoparan
INLKALAALAKKIL-CONH2
10853-01 1 mg $642 cart inquire
MEK1 Derived Peptide Inhibitor 1
MPKKKPTPIQLNP
10858-01 1 mg $728 cart inquire
Membrane - Permeable Sequence, MPS
AAVALLPAVLLALLAK
10883-01 1 mg $777 cart inquire
MPG, HIV related
GALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKSKRKV
10865-01 1 mg $1,520 cart inquire
MPS - Gαi3
AAVALLPAVLLALLAKNNLKECGLY
10882-01 1 mg $1,065 cart inquire
MPS - Gαi2
AAVALLPAVLLALLAKNNLKDCGLF
10881-01 1 mg $1,065 cart inquire
Myristoyl - MEK1 Derived Peptide Inhibitor 1
Myr-MPKKKPTPIQLNP
10859-01 1 mg $863 cart inquire
NGR Peptide 1
CNGRCGGklaklakklaklak-CONH2 (Disulfide bridge: 1-5)
10861-01 1 mg $783 cart inquire
NGR Peptide 2
CNGRCGGLVTT (Disulfide bridge: 1-5)
10862-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
NGR Peptide 3
CNGRC-CONH2 (Disulfide bridge: 1-5)
10863-01 1 mg $845 cart inquire
NGR Peptide 4
CNGRCGGkklklllkll (Disulfide bridge: 1-5)
10864-01 1 mg $1,133 cart inquire
Nuclear Localiation Signal Peptide
PKKKRKV
10888-01 1 mg $710 cart inquire
Pep - 1: Chariot (Non - Covalent Delivery of Peptide
KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKKRKV
10884-01 1 mg $579 cart inquire
Rabies Virus Matrix Protein Fragment (RV-MAT)
MNLLRKIVKNRRDEDTQKSSPASAPLDDG
10904-01 1 mg $1,133 cart inquire
SynB1
RGGRLSYSRRRFSTSTGRA
10885-01 1 mg $828 cart inquire
TAT (47 - 57) GGG - Cys(Npys)
YGRKKRRQRRRGGG-C(Npys)-CONH2
10880-01 5 mg $801 cart inquire
TAT (47-57)-Lys(TAMRA)
YGRKKRRQRRRK(TAMRA)
10893-01 1 mg $1,182 cart inquire
Tat (48-57)
GRKKRRQRRR
10895-01 1 mg $675 cart inquire
Tat-NR2Bct
YGRKKRRQRRRKLSSIESDV
10892-01 1 mg $783 cart inquire
TAT-NSF222 Fusion Peptide
YGRKKRRQRRR-GGG-LDKEFNSIFRRAFASRVFPPE
10901-01 1 mg $1,040 cart inquire
TAT-NSF222scr Fusion Polypeptide scrambled
YGRKKRRQRRR-GGG-ENSFRFLADIFPAKAFPVRFE
10898-01 1 mg $1,025 cart inquire
TAT-NSF700 Fusion Peptide
YGRKKRRQRRR-GGG-LLDYVPIGPRFSNLVLQALLVL
10900-01 1 mg $1,080 cart inquire
TAT-NSF700scr
YGRKKRRQRRRGGGIPPVYFSRLDLNLVVLLLAQL
10897-01 1 mg $1,025 cart inquire
TAT-NSF81scr Fusion Polypeptide, scrambeled
YGRKKRRQRRR-GGG-QDGCKYFATDETIMKLSIAI
10899-01 1 mg $1,350 cart inquire
Transdermal Peptide
ACSSSPSKHCG
10896-01 1 mg $405 cart inquire
Transportan
GWTLNSAGYLLGKINLKALAALAKKIL
10887-01 1 mg $783 cart inquire

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