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A wide variety of modifications can be incorporated directly during the synthesis or after synthesis. Certain modifications (notably Digoxigenin and some fluorescent dyes) are not available to be incorporated during synthesis and must be attached to the oligo after 

synthesis

 using NHS ester chemistry. NHS esters react with free primary amines and result in stable, covalent attachments. A primary amine is, therefore, added to the 

oligo

 during synthesis to permit reaction with the desired NHS ester. The post-synthetic chemical modifications made to an oligonucleotide by using NHS ester modification result in lower yields than direct incorporation of modifications during synthesis. Furthermore, all NHS ester modifications require HPLC purification. PAGE purification is not offered for NHS ester modifications as yields are further decreased and certain modifications can be damaged during PAGE purification.

Don't see the modification you are interested in? Just ask — in most cases we can accommodate your request. And if you require help in choosing the optimal modification, you can consult the experts in our technical assistance department.

Terminus and Internal Modifications  
Acridine Aldehyde
Amino modifiers Branching
Carboxy modifiers Chain terminator
Cholesteryl Dendrimer
Glyceryl Phosphorylation
Psoralen Spacer
Thiol  

Non-radioactive Labelings  
Biotin Digoxigenin
2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)  

Bases with Altered Paring  
DNA damage/repair studies DeoxyUridine (dUracil)
Halogenated Bases isoCytosine (iso-dC) and isoGuanosine (iso-dG)
Spiked Oligos Universal Bases
Degenerate Base – Wobble  

PCR/Sequencing Utilities  
Duplex Effects Chain Terminators

Bases Increasing Duplex Stability  
2'-5' Linked Oligonucleotides Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA)*
2'-O-methyl Modified Oligonucleotides Methylphosphonate
C-Propyne Analogues Morpholino Oligonucleotides
C5 - Methyl Analog Peptide Nucleic Acide (PNA)
Chimeric Oligos Phosphorothioate

Photo Cleavable  
PC-Amino PC-Spacer
PC-Biotin PC-Linker

Bioconjugations  

Antisense  

Quencher  
Black Hole QuencherTM Eclipse® Dark Quencher
DABCYL TAMRA

Fluorophore Labellings  
Alexa Fluor® Dyes Epoch Dye and Quencher
ATTO-TEC Dyes Fluorescein Dye
Bodipy® Fluorophores Oregon Green
Cyanine Dye Other Molecular Probe Dyes
Dyomic Dyes Oyster Dye
Rhodamine Dyes

Fluorogenic Probes and Primers for Real-time qPCR
Dual-Labeled Probes Amplifluor Direct® Primers
Molecular Beacons for Gene Detection and Analysis Plexor™ Primers
Black Hole Scorpion™ Primers  

Probes for Multiplexing qPCR
Dual-labeled probes Amplifluor® Direct Primer
Molecular Beacon Black Hole Scorpions™ Probe, Uni-molecular


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DNA Synthesis
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