Bio-Synthesis provide several different purity levels to help our client to make right choice for their research applications.
A >75% pure peptide is usually sufficient for generating or testing antibodies. A mixture of closely related peptides is usually able to induced an immune response that will provide the required antibody. However, the presence of impurities which inherited during organic synthesis process can be the source of adverse side effects like inflammatory or even toxic effects during the antibody production procedure. Therefore, our immunograde peptides always undergo a special treatment for complete extraction of organic impurities by undergoing our stand purification process.
For enzymology or biological activity studies, a peptide with >85% or 95% is usually required. These levels of peptides must go through quality control by reversed phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF analysis, sometimes amino acid analysis and sequencing is also done.
What kind of impurities found in Crude-Desalted Peptides?
- Deleted sequences
- Truncated sequences
- Incomplete deprotected sequences
- Sequences modification during cleavage porcess
- TFA (trifluoroacetic acids)
- Peptide undergo side reactions such as proline isomerization, aspartimides formations and sulfur oxidation for cysteine containing peptides etc.
Applications:
Desalted crude peptides
These peptides are recommend for first pass/fail screening applications where large numbers of peptides must be tested. Once the initial good screening have been identified, a second screening with more highly purified peptide is recommended. The applications will be:
- Epitope mapping
- Protein to protein interactions
- Immunogenic identification
- Receptor-ligand interactions
- Nucleic acid binding
- Mutation Screening
- Sequence optimization
Immunological grade
The applications use in our >75% pure peptide will be:
Sequence specific polyclonal antibodies productions. As the amount of contaminating peptide species is very low, the antigenic response to these will be small. Sequence selection will play an important role in antibody specificity than the cross-reactivity from contaminating peptides. The antibody titer using ELISA do not require higher purity peptides than >75% pure. Affinity purification of polyclonal antibodies
Biochemistry grade
The applications recommended to be used in >85% pure peptide will be:
- Peptide blocking studies (non-quantitative)
- In-vitro bioassays
- Coating tissue culture plates for cell attachment studies
- Semi-quantitative enzyme-substrate studies
- Phosphorylation reactions
- Polyclonal Antibody Production
- Protein electrophoresis applications
- Coupling to chromatography resins for affinity purifications
90% to >95% Purity
- Quantitative Receptor-ligand interaction
- In vitro bioassays and in vivo studies
- Quantitative blocking and competitive inhibition assays
- Quantitative phosphorylation studies
- NMR studies
- Physical properties standards
- Structural studies
- Enzyme studies
- Monoclonal antibody production