Vitamin Eα-Tocopherol / Vitamin ECore vitamin-lipid platformCommercial Direct IncorporationPost-Conjugation5′ • selected internal • custom 3′+ Direct chemistry Commercial tocopherol phosphoramidite supports direct oligonucleotide incorporation. Post-conjugation Activated or click-compatible tocopherol derivatives can be coupled to complementary oligo handles. Design role Delivery, uptake, transport-pathway, purification, and structure-activity research.
Vitamin ETocopherol-TEGTEG-spaced vitamin ECommercial PhosphoramiditeClick-Compatible5′ • internal • architecture dependent+ Direct incorporation Tocopherol-TEG phosphoramidite provides a defined TEG-spaced architecture. Spacer role TEG separates tocopherol from the oligonucleotide and can reduce steric effects. Alternative route Tocopherol-TEG azide supports click conjugation to alkyne or cyclooctyne handles.
Vitamin EOctyltocopherol / C8-TocopherolBuilt-in C8 spacerCommercial Direct IncorporationPrimarily 5′+ Architecture Commercial tocopherol modifier with a built-in C8 spacer. Use Useful when a hydrocarbon spacer is preferred over TEG. Comparison Compare direct tocopherol, C8-tocopherol, and Tocopherol-TEG.
Vitamin DVitamin D3 / CholecalciferolLipophilic secosteroid vitaminActivated / Functionalized DerivativeCustom Conjugation5′ • 3′ • selected internal+ Preferred route Post-synthetic conjugation through a functionalized or custom-activated derivative. Oligo handles NH₂, SH, azide, DBCO, alkyne, or other compatible handle depending on the ligand derivative. Design caution Attachment site and linker can influence receptor or binding-protein interaction.
Vitamin D25-Hydroxyvitamin D3Calcidiol-related ligandActivated / Functionalized DerivativeCustom FeasibilityCustom position+ Route Post-synthetic coupling using an appropriate functionalized derivative. Use Vitamin-D transport and ligand-SAR research. Feasibility Exact activated derivative and attachment site should be reviewed before quotation.
Vitamin DCalcitriol1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3Functionalization PrecedentCustom ConjugationCustom position+ Bioactivity Linker and attachment-site selection are especially important for this high-affinity ligand. Route Custom post-synthetic conjugation through a suitably functionalized analogue. Use Vitamin-D receptor and ligand-presentation research.
RetinoidAll-trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA)Vitamin A-derived retinoidCarboxyl ActivationCustom Conjugation5′ • 3′ • selected internal+ Chemistry The retinoic-acid carboxyl group can be activated for amide coupling to an amino-modified oligonucleotide, recognizing that this derivatizes the native carboxyl functionality. Recommended handle 5′-, 3′-, or internal amino modifier. Watch Retinoid light sensitivity and isomerization should be controlled.
Retinoid9-cis- / 13-cis-Retinoic AcidRetinoid isomer panelCarboxyl ActivationCustom Conjugation5′ • 3′ • selected internal+ Route Activated-carboxyl coupling to amino-modified oligonucleotides. Use Retinoid isomer and receptor-SAR research. Watch Light sensitivity and isomer stability.
EstrogenEstradiol / EstroneEstrogenic steroid ligandsActivated / Functionalized DerivativeClick Precedent5′ • 3′ • internal/custom+ Chemistry Azide-, alkyne-, carboxyl-, or other functionalized steroid derivatives can support click or amide conjugation. Design caution Attachment site should be selected deliberately to preserve intended receptor-facing features. Use Estrogen-receptor, steroid-transport, and ligand-display research.
AndrogenTestosterone / DHEAAndrogenic and steroid-precursor ligandsActivated / Functionalized DerivativeCustom Conjugation5′ • 3′ • custom internal+ Route Post-synthetic conjugation through a suitable functionalized derivative. Use Androgen-receptor, steroid precursor, membrane interaction, and ligand-SAR research. Watch Activated derivative and attachment site should be confirmed before synthesis.
ProgestogenProgesterone / 17α-HydroxyprogesteroneProgestogen-related ligandsActivated / Functionalized DerivativeCustom ConjugationCustom position+ Route Functionalized derivatives or custom linker installation followed by post-synthetic conjugation. Use Progestogen-receptor and steroid-SAR research. Watch Conjugation site should preserve intended biological interaction.
GlucocorticoidCortisol / HydrocortisoneGlucocorticoid steroid scaffoldActivated / Functionalized DerivativeCustom Conjugation5′ • 3′ • custom internal+ Route Post-synthetic conjugation through a functionalized hydrocortisone/cortisol derivative. Use Glucocorticoid-receptor and steroid-ligand research. Watch Multiple hydroxyl and carbonyl functionalities make site-selective derivative choice important.
GlucocorticoidDexamethasone / PrednisoloneSynthetic glucocorticoid ligandsActivated / Functionalized DerivativeConjugation Precedent5′ • 3′ • custom internal+ Route Post-synthetic conjugation through functionalized derivatives or custom linker chemistry. Use Glucocorticoid-receptor, anti-inflammatory ligand, and delivery-research constructs. Watch Bioactivity after conjugation should be experimentally validated.
MineralocorticoidAldosteroneMineralocorticoid ligandCustom FunctionalizationCustomer-SuppliedCustom position+ Route Project-specific functionalization or customer-supplied activated derivative. Use Mineralocorticoid-receptor and steroid-ligand research. Feasibility Derivative, attachment site, scale, and purification strategy should be reviewed before quotation.
CustomCustomer-Supplied Activated Steroid / VitaminSpecialty ligandCustomer-SuppliedFeasibility Review5′ • 3′ • internal/custom+ Accepted chemistry NHS, activated carboxyl, maleimide, azide, DBCO, alkyne, TCO, tetrazine, amino, thiol, and other compatible groups can be reviewed. What to provide Structure, molecular weight, purity, reactive group, storage conditions, SDS, and available quantity. Review Compatibility with oligo chemistry, solvent, purification, stability, and analytical characterization is assessed before manufacture.